c. 11th century – c. 1450s★★★★★
Great Zimbabwe flourishes
Great Zimbabwe, a city of mortarless stone enclosures, was the centre of a powerful state that prospered from cattle and the gold trade with the Swahili coast.
CultureEconomy· Zimbabwe
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Ongoing
1206 – 1526★★★★★
Founding of the Delhi Sultanate
Qutb ud-Din Aibak establishes the Delhi Sultanate, which dominates much of northern India for over three centuries.
DynastyPolitics· India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
1250 – 1517★★★★★
Mamluk Sultanate established in Egypt
Mamluk slave-soldiers overthrow the Ayyubids and seize power in Egypt, ruling Egypt and Syria for over two and a half centuries.
DynastyPolitics· Egypt, Syria
1315 – 1317★★★★★
Great Famine in Europe
Successive crop failures caused by bad weather bring mass famine to northern Europe, killing a significant share of the population.
DisasterEconomy· United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Poland