Mamluk slave-soldiers overthrow the Ayyubids and seize power in Egypt, ruling Egypt and Syria for over two and a half centuries.
Hulagu's Mongol army takes and devastates Baghdad, killing Caliph al-Musta'sim and ending the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.
Egyptian Mamluk forces defeat the Mongols in Palestine, halting the Mongol advance toward Egypt.
The Mamluks capture Acre, the last major Crusader stronghold in the Levant, ending the Crusader states there.
Osman I establishes a principality in northwestern Anatolia, the origin of the Ottoman Empire that lasted over six centuries.
Richard the Lionheart and other European monarchs retake Acre but not Jerusalem; the Treaty of Jaffa with Saladin ends the campaign.
Saladin destroys the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem near Tiberias, causing most Crusader strongholds to fall.