c. 11th century – c. 1450s★★★★★
Great Zimbabwe flourishes
Great Zimbabwe, a city of mortarless stone enclosures, was the centre of a powerful state that prospered from cattle and the gold trade with the Swahili coast.
CultureEconomy· Zimbabwe
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Ongoing
1206 – 1526★★★★★
Founding of the Delhi Sultanate
Qutb ud-Din Aibak establishes the Delhi Sultanate, which dominates much of northern India for over three centuries.
DynastyPolitics· India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
1237 – 1240★★★★★
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
Mongol armies under Batu devastate the Rus' principalities and take Kiev in 1240, beginning over two centuries of Golden Horde domination.
War· Russia, Ukraine