325★★★★★
First Council of Nicaea
The first ecumenical council of Christianity, convened by Constantine, condemns Arianism and formulates the Nicene Creed.
Religion· Turkey
Timeline
6 events4th century
6th century
- December 27, 537★★★★★
Hagia Sophia consecrated
The Hagia Sophia, rebuilt by Justinian I in Constantinople, is consecrated, crowned by a dome unprecedented in its time.
ReligionArt· Turkey
11th century
- July 16, 1054★★★★★
East–West Schism
Papal legates lay a bull of excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia, marking the split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Religion· Turkey, Italy
12th century
- 1147 – 1149★★★★★
Second Crusade
Launched after the fall of Edessa and led by Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, the crusade ends in failure before Damascus.
WarReligion· Syria, Turkey, France, Germany
13th century
- April 1204★★★★★
Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
Crusaders capture and sack Constantinople, establishing the Latin Empire and permanently weakening Byzantium.
WarReligion· Turkey
20th century
- March 3, 1924★★★★★
Abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate
The Turkish parliament abolishes the caliphate, ending an institution dating back to the first caliphs of Islam.
PoliticsReligion· Turkey