The Turkish parliament abolishes the caliphate, ending an institution dating back to the first caliphs of Islam.
The Grand National Assembly proclaims the Republic of Turkey, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president.
The British government declares support for a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine, while stating that the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities should not be prejudiced.
Britain and France secretly agree to divide the Ottoman Empire's Arab lands into post-war spheres of influence.
With British backing, Sharif Hussein of Mecca launches an uprising against the Ottoman Empire seeking Arab independence.
Ibn Saud unites the realms of Hejaz and Nejd as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
During the First World War, Ottoman authorities carry out mass deportations and killings of Armenians, causing roughly a million or more deaths.