December 25, 800★★★★★
Coronation of Charlemagne
Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans in Rome on Christmas Day.
PoliticsReligion· Italy, France, Germany
Timeline
7 events8th century
11th century
- January 1077★★★★★
Walk to Canossa
During the Investiture Controversy, Emperor Henry IV goes to Canossa to seek absolution from Pope Gregory VII.
ReligionPolitics· Italy, Germany
12th century
- 1147 – 1149★★★★★
Second Crusade
Launched after the fall of Edessa and led by Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, the crusade ends in failure before Damascus.
WarReligion· Syria, Turkey, France, Germany
15th century
- July 6, 1415★★★★★
Execution of Jan Hus
The Czech church reformer Jan Hus is condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constance and burned at the stake, sparking the Hussite movement.
ReligionDeath· Germany, Czechia
16th century
- October 31, 1517★★★★★
Luther's Ninety-five Theses
Martin Luther publishes his Ninety-five Theses against indulgences, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Religion· Germany
17th century
- 1618 – 1648★★★★★
Thirty Years' War
Beginning with a revolt in Bohemia, the conflict spreads across Central Europe, drawing in the major European powers and causing enormous loss of life.
WarReligion· Germany, Czechia, Austria, Sweden, France, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands
20th century
- November 9, 1938 – November 10, 1938★★★★★
Kristallnacht
An organised pogrom against Jews across Germany and Austria destroys thousands of shops and synagogues, with about 30,000 people arrested.
PoliticsReligion· Germany, Austria