Ramesses II begins a reign of about 66 years, regarded as one of Egypt's most powerful and celebrated pharaohs.
Approximate date.
Ramesses II and the Hittite king Hattusili III conclude one of the earliest peace treaties whose text survives.
Pharaoh Akhenaten elevates the worship of the Aten and moves the capital to Amarna, an unusual religious upheaval in Egyptian history.
Many Eastern Mediterranean states, including the Hittite Empire, collapse or decline sharply during a prolonged period of upheaval.
Ahmose I expels the Hyksos and reunifies Egypt, opening the New Kingdom, the height of ancient Egyptian power.
By tradition, Phoenicians from Tyre found Carthage in North Africa, later a major commercial power of the western Mediterranean.
In Alexandria, Euclid systematises geometry and number theory in the thirteen books of the Elements, one of the most influential mathematics textbooks ever written.