By tradition, Phoenicians from Tyre found Carthage in North Africa, later a major commercial power of the western Mediterranean.
Approximate date.
Many Eastern Mediterranean states, including the Hittite Empire, collapse or decline sharply during a prolonged period of upheaval.
Ramesses II and the Hittite king Hattusili III conclude one of the earliest peace treaties whose text survives.
Ramesses II begins a reign of about 66 years, regarded as one of Egypt's most powerful and celebrated pharaohs.
In Alexandria, Euclid systematises geometry and number theory in the thirteen books of the Elements, one of the most influential mathematics textbooks ever written.
Pharaoh Akhenaten elevates the worship of the Aten and moves the capital to Amarna, an unusual religious upheaval in Egyptian history.
Rome and Carthage fight for control of Sicily; Rome wins and gains its first overseas province.