The Army of the Three Guarantees enters Mexico City, ending over a decade of war and three centuries of Spanish rule.
Prince Regent Pedro declares Brazil's independence from Portugal by the Ipiranga brook and later becomes Emperor Pedro I.
Simón Bolívar's forces defeat the Spanish at Boyacá, securing the liberation of New Granada (present-day Colombia).
President James Monroe declares that the United States will oppose any further European colonization or intervention in the Americas.
Independence forces under Antonio José de Sucre defeat the Spanish army in Peru, effectively ending Spanish rule in South America.
The Congress of Tucumán declares the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata independent from Spain.
Simón Bolívar, the "Liberator" of much of South America, dies in Santa Marta, Colombia.