President James Monroe declares that the United States will oppose any further European colonization or intervention in the Americas.
Prince Regent Pedro declares Brazil's independence from Portugal by the Ipiranga brook and later becomes Emperor Pedro I.
Independence forces under Antonio José de Sucre defeat the Spanish army in Peru, effectively ending Spanish rule in South America.
The Army of the Three Guarantees enters Mexico City, ending over a decade of war and three centuries of Spanish rule.
Simón Bolívar's forces defeat the Spanish at Boyacá, securing the liberation of New Granada (present-day Colombia).
The Congress of Tucumán declares the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata independent from Spain.
President Andrew Jackson signs a law enabling the forced relocation of Native American nations west of the Mississippi, leading to the Trail of Tears.