Fall of the Sasanian Empire

WarDynasty

The last Sasanian king, Yazdegerd III, is killed, completing the Arab Muslim conquest of Persia.

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661 – 750★★★★★

Muawiya I establishes the Umayyad dynasty with its capital at Damascus, making the caliphate hereditary.

DynastyPolitics· Syria

c. 636★★★★★

Rashidun forces defeat the Sasanian army in Iraq, opening the way to the capture of the capital Ctesiphon.

War· Iraq

August 636★★★★★

Rashidun Muslim forces defeat the Byzantine army, opening the way to the conquest of Syria and the Levant.

War· Syria, Jordan

June 632★★★★★

After Muhammad dies in Medina, Abu Bakr is chosen as the first caliph, beginning the Rashidun Caliphate.

ReligionPoliticsDeath· Saudi Arabia

630★★★★★

Muhammad and his followers enter Mecca almost without bloodshed, making it the centre of Islam.

ReligionPolitics· Saudi Arabia

629 – 645★★★★★

The monk Xuanzang travels to India and brings back hundreds of Buddhist texts, which he translates into Chinese.

ReligionExploration· China, India