With British backing, Sharif Hussein of Mecca launches an uprising against the Ottoman Empire seeking Arab independence.
Britain and France secretly agree to divide the Ottoman Empire's Arab lands into post-war spheres of influence.
During the First World War, Ottoman authorities carry out mass deportations and killings of Armenians, causing roughly a million or more deaths.
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps landed on the Gallipoli peninsula in the Allies' unsuccessful campaign against the Ottoman Empire; 25 April is now commemorated as Anzac Day.
The British government declares support for a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine, while stating that the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities should not be prejudiced.
The Grand National Assembly proclaims the Republic of Turkey, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president.
The Committee of Union and Progress forces Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the 1876 constitution, opening the Second Constitutional Era.