c. 11th century BCE★★★★★
The Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenicians use a consonantal alphabet that became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
CultureTechnology· Lebanon
Countries / Middle East
History of Lebanon
5 notable historical events in Lebanon, in chronological order.
11th century BCE
12th century
- 1189 – 1192★★★★★
The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart and other European monarchs retake Acre but not Jerusalem; the Treaty of Jaffa with Saladin ends the campaign.
WarReligion· Israel, Palestine, Lebanon
20th century
- May 16, 1916★★★★★
Sykes–Picot Agreement
Britain and France secretly agree to divide the Ottoman Empire's Arab lands into post-war spheres of influence.
TreatyPolitics· Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine - May 15, 1948 – 1949★★★★★
1948 Arab–Israeli War
Neighbouring Arab states go to war with Israel; the war ends with the 1949 armistice agreements, and about 700,000 Palestinians flee or are expelled from their homes.
War· Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq - April 13, 1975 – 1990★★★★★
Lebanese Civil War
A multi-sided civil war devastates Lebanon for fifteen years, with intervention by Syria, Israel and other foreign forces.
War· Lebanon