July 1908★★★★★
Young Turk Revolution
The Committee of Union and Progress forces Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the 1876 constitution, opening the Second Constitutional Era.
RevolutionPolitics· Turkey
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Events this year
Ongoing
1858 – 1947★★★★★
Beginning of the British Raj
After the 1857 rebellion, the Government of India Act transfers rule from the East India Company to the British Crown; the Mughal Empire formally ends.
Politics· India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, United Kingdom
1885 – 1908★★★★★
Leopold II's Congo Free State
King Leopold II of Belgium ruled the Congo as a personal possession; its forced-labour rubber regime caused mass deaths until Belgium annexed the territory in 1908.
PoliticsEconomy· DR Congo, Belgium
1904 – 1908★★★★★
Herero and Nama genocide
In German South West Africa (present-day Namibia), German forces suppressed uprisings in a campaign that killed most of the Herero and about half of the Nama people.
War· Namibia, Germany
1905 – 1909★★★★★
Đông Du movement
Phan Bội Châu organises sending young Vietnamese to study in Japan to prepare for the independence struggle.
PoliticsCulture· Vietnam, Japan
1905 – 1911★★★★★
Persian Constitutional Revolution
A revolutionary movement forces the Qajar shah to accept a constitution and establish Iran's first parliament, the Majlis.
RevolutionPolitics· Iran