A revolutionary movement forces the Qajar shah to accept a constitution and establish Iran's first parliament, the Majlis.
The Committee of Union and Progress forces Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the 1876 constitution, opening the Second Constitutional Era.
During the First World War, Ottoman authorities carry out mass deportations and killings of Armenians, causing roughly a million or more deaths.
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps landed on the Gallipoli peninsula in the Allies' unsuccessful campaign against the Ottoman Empire; 25 April is now commemorated as Anzac Day.
Britain and France secretly agree to divide the Ottoman Empire's Arab lands into post-war spheres of influence.
With British backing, Sharif Hussein of Mecca launches an uprising against the Ottoman Empire seeking Arab independence.
The British government declares support for a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine, while stating that the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities should not be prejudiced.