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After the 1857 rebellion, the Government of India Act transfers rule from the East India Company to the British Crown; the Mughal Empire formally ends.
King Leopold II of Belgium ruled the Congo as a personal possession; its forced-labour rubber regime caused mass deaths until Belgium annexed the territory in 1908.
In German South West Africa (present-day Namibia), German forces suppressed uprisings in a campaign that killed most of the Herero and about half of the Nama people.
Phan Bội Châu organises sending young Vietnamese to study in Japan to prepare for the independence struggle.
A revolutionary movement forces the Qajar shah to accept a constitution and establish Iran's first parliament, the Majlis.