c. 11th century – c. 1450s★★★★★
Great Zimbabwe flourishes
Great Zimbabwe, a city of mortarless stone enclosures, was the centre of a powerful state that prospered from cattle and the gold trade with the Swahili coast.
CultureEconomy· Zimbabwe
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Ongoing
1189 – 1192★★★★★
The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart and other European monarchs retake Acre but not Jerusalem; the Treaty of Jaffa with Saladin ends the campaign.
WarReligion· Israel, Palestine, Lebanon