October 28, 312★★★★★
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
Constantine defeats Maxentius near Rome; according to tradition he saw a Christian sign before the battle.
WarReligion· Italy
Timeline
9 events4th century
- 313★★★★★
Edict of Milan
Emperors Constantine and Licinius agree on religious toleration, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
ReligionPolitics· Italy
8th century
- December 25, 800★★★★★
Coronation of Charlemagne
Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans in Rome on Christmas Day.
PoliticsReligion· Italy, France, Germany
11th century
- July 16, 1054★★★★★
East–West Schism
Papal legates lay a bull of excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia, marking the split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Religion· Turkey, Italy - January 1077★★★★★
Walk to Canossa
During the Investiture Controversy, Emperor Henry IV goes to Canossa to seek absolution from Pope Gregory VII.
ReligionPolitics· Italy, Germany
14th century
- 1378 – 1417★★★★★
Western Schism
Rival claimants to the papacy in Rome and Avignon divide the Catholic Church until the Council of Constance ends the schism.
Religion· Italy, France
16th century
- December 13, 1545 – December 4, 1563★★★★★
Council of Trent
An ecumenical council of the Catholic Church meets at Trent, reaffirming Catholic doctrine and launching the Counter-Reformation in response to Protestantism.
Religion· Italy - October 15, 1582★★★★★
Gregorian calendar introduced
The Gregorian calendar takes effect in Catholic countries: Julian 4 October 1582 is followed by 15 October.
ScienceReligion· Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland
17th century
- 1601★★★★★
Matteo Ricci arrives in Beijing
Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci is permitted to reside in Beijing, becoming a bridge of science and culture between Europe and China.
ReligionScience· China, Italy