661 – 750★★★★★
Umayyad Caliphate founded
Muawiya I establishes the Umayyad dynasty with its capital at Damascus, making the caliphate hereditary.
DynastyPolitics· Syria
Muawiya I establishes the Umayyad dynasty with its capital at Damascus, making the caliphate hereditary.
Mamluk slave-soldiers overthrow the Ayyubids and seize power in Egypt, ruling Egypt and Syria for over two and a half centuries.