Koreans proclaim independence and stage nationwide peaceful protests against Japanese rule; the movement is suppressed.
Beijing students protest the Paris Peace Conference's Shandong decision, sparking a wave of nationalism and cultural renewal.
With Soviet Red Army support, Mongolian revolutionaries led by Sükhbaatar take power, paving the way for a socialist state.
The First National Congress meets in Shanghai, formally founding the Chinese Communist Party.
A powerful earthquake and ensuing fires devastate Tokyo and Yokohama, killing more than 100,000 people.
The revolutionary revered as the 'Father of the Nation' of the Republic of China dies in Beijing.
Sun Yat-sen is inaugurated as provisional president in Nanjing, founding Asia's first republic.