Mansa Musa of Mali made the pilgrimage to Mecca with a vast retinue, spending so much gold in Cairo that its value fell, spreading Mali's fame across the Islamic world and Europe.
The Moroccan scholar Ibn Battuta travels across the Islamic world and beyond, from West Africa to China, for nearly three decades.
Osman I establishes a principality in northwestern Anatolia, the origin of the Ottoman Empire that lasted over six centuries.
The Mamluks capture Acre, the last major Crusader stronghold in the Levant, ending the Crusader states there.
Egyptian Mamluk forces defeat the Mongols in Palestine, halting the Mongol advance toward Egypt.
Hulagu's Mongol army takes and devastates Baghdad, killing Caliph al-Musta'sim and ending the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.
Mamluk slave-soldiers overthrow the Ayyubids and seize power in Egypt, ruling Egypt and Syria for over two and a half centuries.