The Chola king Rajaraja I completes the monumental temple to Shiva, a masterpiece of Dravidian architecture.
The fleet of the Chola king Rajendra I raids Srivijayan ports along the Strait of Malacca, weakening the maritime empire.
Muhammad of Ghor defeats Prithviraj Chauhan, opening northern India to Muslim rule.
Qutb ud-Din Aibak establishes the Delhi Sultanate, which dominates much of northern India for over three centuries.
The Moroccan scholar Ibn Battuta travels across the Islamic world and beyond, from West Africa to China, for nearly three decades.
The brothers Harihara and Bukka found the Vijayanagara Empire in southern India; its capital Hampi becomes one of the world's largest cities.
The monk Xuanzang travels to India and brings back hundreds of Buddhist texts, which he translates into Chinese.