Ramesses II's Egyptian army fights the Hittites near Kadesh in Syria, one of the largest chariot battles of antiquity.
Approximate date.
Ramesses II and the Hittite king Hattusili III conclude one of the earliest peace treaties whose text survives.
Many Eastern Mediterranean states, including the Hittite Empire, collapse or decline sharply during a prolonged period of upheaval.
Ancient Greek tradition placed the war between the Greeks and Troy around the 12th century BCE; its historicity remains debated.
The Phoenicians use a consonantal alphabet that became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
King Hammurabi of Babylon issues one of the oldest and most complete written legal codes known.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire captures Samaria, ending the northern Kingdom of Israel and deporting part of its population.