September 30, 1938★★★★★
Munich Agreement
Britain, France, Italy and Germany agree to Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, the high point of the appeasement of Hitler.
TreatyPolitics· Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Czechia
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Events this year
November 9, 1938 – November 10, 1938★★★★★
Kristallnacht
An organised pogrom against Jews across Germany and Austria destroys thousands of shops and synagogues, with about 30,000 people arrested.
PoliticsReligion· Germany, Austria
December 1938★★★★★
Discovery of nuclear fission
Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discover the fission of uranium nuclei; Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch explain the process shortly after.
Science· Germany
Ongoing
1858 – 1947★★★★★
Beginning of the British Raj
After the 1857 rebellion, the Government of India Act transfers rule from the East India Company to the British Crown; the Mughal Empire formally ends.
Politics· India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, United Kingdom
July 17, 1936 – April 1, 1939★★★★★
Spanish Civil War
Nationalists led by Francisco Franco fight the Republicans; Franco's victory leads to a dictatorship lasting until 1975.
War· Spain
December 13, 1937 – 1938★★★★★
Nanjing Massacre
After capturing Nanjing, the Imperial Japanese Army kills large numbers of Chinese prisoners and civilians over several weeks.
War· China, Japan