April 22, 1870★★★★★
Birth of Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin, leader of the October Revolution, is born in Simbirsk.
Birth· Russia
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Events this year
July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871★★★★★
Franco-Prussian War
Prussia and its German allies defeat France, bringing down the Second French Empire and paving the way for German unification.
War· France, Germany
September 20, 1870★★★★★
Capture of Rome
Troops of the Kingdom of Italy enter Rome, ending the Papal States; Rome then becomes the capital of unified Italy.
WarPolitics· Italy, Vatican City
Ongoing
November 3, 1839 – 1876★★★★★
Tanzimat reforms begin
The Edict of Gülhane opens the Tanzimat, a series of reforms modernising Ottoman administration, law and the army.
Politics· Turkey
1845 – 1872★★★★★
The New Zealand Wars
A series of armed conflicts between the colonial government and Māori iwi, chiefly over land and sovereignty, which led to large confiscations of Māori land.
War· New Zealand, United Kingdom
1858 – 1947★★★★★
Beginning of the British Raj
After the 1857 rebellion, the Government of India Act transfers rule from the East India Company to the British Crown; the Mughal Empire formally ends.
Politics· India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, United Kingdom
1864 – 1870★★★★★
Paraguayan War
Paraguay fights the Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay in a war that devastates Paraguay and kills a large share of its population.
War· Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay