August 843★★★★★
Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne's three grandsons divide the empire into three kingdoms, laying the groundwork for the later France and Germany.
TreatyPolitics· France, Germany, Italy
Timeline
14 events9th century
17th century
- October 24, 1648★★★★★
Peace of Westphalia
The treaties of Westphalia end the Thirty Years' War and lay foundations for the modern concept of state sovereignty.
Treaty· Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, France
19th century
- April 30, 1803★★★★★
Louisiana Purchase
The United States buys the vast Louisiana territory from France, roughly doubling the size of the country.
TreatyPolitics· United States, France - 1814 – June 9, 1815★★★★★
Congress of Vienna
The European powers meet in Vienna to reorder the continent after the Napoleonic Wars, redrawing the map of Europe and establishing a balance of power.
TreatyPolitics· Austria, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, France - June 5, 1862★★★★★
Treaty of Saigon
The Nguyễn court cedes three eastern provinces of Cochinchina to France.
Treaty· Vietnam, France - June 6, 1884★★★★★
Treaty of Huế (1884)
The treaty places Tonkin and Annam under French protectorate.
Treaty· Vietnam, France - November 15, 1884 – February 26, 1885★★★★★
Berlin Conference on Africa
European powers met in Berlin to set rules for colonial claims in Africa, accelerating the "Scramble for Africa" without any African representation.
PoliticsTreaty· Germany, United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Belgium
20th century
- June 28, 1919★★★★★
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty ending the war between Germany and the Allies is signed in the Hall of Mirrors, imposing war guilt, territorial losses and heavy reparations on Germany.
Treaty· France, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Italy - September 30, 1938★★★★★
Munich Agreement
Britain, France, Italy and Germany agree to Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, the high point of the appeasement of Hitler.
TreatyPolitics· Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Czechia - April 4, 1949★★★★★
NATO founded
Twelve North American and Western European countries sign the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington, creating the NATO collective defence alliance.
TreatyPolitics· United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Portugal, Norway, Denmark, Iceland - July 21, 1954★★★★★
Geneva Accords on Indochina
The Geneva Conference ends the First Indochina War, temporarily partitioning Vietnam at the 17th parallel pending elections planned for 1956.
Treaty· Vietnam, France, Laos, Cambodia, Switzerland - March 25, 1957★★★★★
Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community
Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands sign the treaty creating the European Economic Community, forerunner of the European Union.
TreatyEconomy· Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands - January 27, 1973★★★★★
Paris Peace Accords
The United States, North and South Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government sign an agreement ending direct US involvement in the war.
Treaty· Vietnam, United States, France - November 1, 1993★★★★★
European Union established by the Maastricht Treaty
The Maastricht Treaty enters into force, formally establishing the European Union and laying the groundwork for a single currency.
TreatyPolitics· Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal