Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg
Soldiers fire on peaceful workers marching to the Winter Palace, sparking the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Soldiers fire on peaceful workers marching to the Winter Palace, sparking the Russian Revolution of 1905.
The Bolshevik Red Army fights the White movement and other forces after the October Revolution; the Bolsheviks emerge victorious.
Protests and mutinies in Petrograd force Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, ending more than three centuries of Romanov rule.
The Bolsheviks led by Lenin overthrow the Provisional Government in Petrograd (25 October in the Julian calendar then used in Russia).
Former Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, their children and their retainers are shot by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg.
With Soviet Red Army support, Mongolian revolutionaries led by Sükhbaatar take power, paving the way for a socialist state.
A nationwide uprising against Hungary's Soviet-backed government is crushed by Soviet forces.
A period of political liberalisation in Czechoslovakia under Alexander Dubček ends when Warsaw Pact armies invade the country.