Tumu Crisis
WarThe Ming army is defeated by the Oirat Mongols and the Zhengtong Emperor is taken captive.
- Date
- 1449 · View on map
- Countries
- China
- Regions
- East Asia
- Importance
- ★★★★★
- Sources
The Ming army is defeated by the Oirat Mongols and the Zhengtong Emperor is taken captive.
King Sejong the Great creates the Hangul alphabet in 1443 and promulgates it in the Hunminjeongeum in 1446.
A civil war that devastates Kyoto, weakens the Ashikaga shogunate and begins Japan's Sengoku (Warring States) period.
The Lam Sơn uprising triumphs over the Ming; Lê Lợi founds the Later Lê dynasty and Nguyễn Trãi writes the proclamation "Bình Ngô đại cáo".
Lam Sơn forces destroy the Ming relief army, killing its commander Liu Sheng and forcing the Ming to withdraw.
Lam Sơn forces inflict a major defeat on the Ming army of Wang Tong southwest of Đông Quan (Hanoi).
The Yongle Emperor completes the Forbidden City palace complex and moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.