Augustus, the first Roman emperor, dies and is succeeded by his adopted son Tiberius.
Date given in the Julian calendar.
Germanic tribes led by Arminius annihilate three Roman legions, halting Roman expansion beyond the Rhine.
Under Emperor Claudius, Roman forces invade Britain, gradually making much of the island a province of the empire.
The Senate grants Octavian the title Augustus; he becomes the first Roman emperor, inaugurating the Pax Romana.
Octavian's fleet defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra, clearing his path to supreme power in Rome.
A great fire destroys much of Rome under Emperor Nero, who afterwards blames the city's Christians.
Julius Caesar is stabbed to death in Rome by senators including Brutus and Cassius on the Ides of March.