The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill draws some 300,000 people to California from around the world, transforming the American West.
The treaty ends the Mexican–American War, with Mexico ceding California and much of today's Southwest to the United States.
The first women's rights convention in the United States adopts the Declaration of Sentiments, including a demand for women's suffrage.
War between the United States and Mexico following the US annexation of Texas; Mexico is defeated and loses about half of its territory.
At Massachusetts General Hospital, William Morton anaesthetises a surgical patient with ether in public, opening the era of surgical anaesthesia.
Samuel Morse sends "What hath God wrought" from Washington to Baltimore, inaugurating long-distance electric telegraphy.
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry's 'Black Ships' enter Edo Bay, pressing Japan to end its isolation policy.